Cross-cultural research in international Market - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Cross-social research in universal Market. Answer: Presentation Social Group Selected The chose culture is Chinese which is one of the most established constant civilisation and prevailing social community where the spot is additionally loaded up with prospering philosophical, political, financial and the logical customs. China has the extraordinary character where it has been battling on destroying a shiny new distinguish to decide the social qualities. Goal of the paper The goal is to concentrate on how key ways are helpful to impart to this social gathering and will majorly affect the job of human services supplier. Parts of social correspondence The diverse correspondence includes the exchange of data and information between people in an association. In China, the laborers talk about everything ahead of time and consider the gatherings with high setting societies with adjustment to dear companions, family members and the associates. The correspondence with them will in general trade data with various talks and points where the social correspondence incorporates the formal, casual, status and singularity as well (Moran et al., 2014). The social components of independence and cooperation represents the conduct of people towards themselves inside a gathering. Outline of social perspectives and practice correspondence Models and conversation Models: The Chinese spotlight on customs, which differ contingent upon the area. It is viewed as significant for the celebration in schedule celebrated in the nation. Red Lanterns are hung at the hour of New Year away the legendary monster Nian. Thinking about the other social perspectives, the gathering additionally center around the jobs embraced by the relatives with complete position like the Zhou Dynasty. The Chinese gatherings don't for the most part utilize their outward appearances to address one another. The contacting of head is the insolent thing an individual can do at the hour of discussion. When speaking with the Chinese individuals, recognize the individual with most force, where the significant viewpoints are identified with keeping away from the contacting or contact and restricting the outward appearances or feelings (Giger, 2016). The intercultural correspondence is guanxi for systems administration, relationship and correspondence, and mianzi for the face which id entifies with open notoriety, individual respect and the social glory. The customary culture of Chinese is for the most part influenced by the worldwide culture, where western world takes the situation in headway of innovation and monetary framework which is portrayed by free markets, commercialization and independence. China is putting forth attempts to acquaint with the conventional societies and the qualities to the world with the degree of effect on the worldwide culture. It has been seen that a legitimate comprehension is through common culture and network, acknowledgment and acknowledgment (Thomas Peterson, 2017). Social character is originated from the individual gathering enrollment to build up confidence of people which depends on the gathering status. the ideas are identified with self-idea, familiarity with enrollment and assessing the passionate importance. Chinese spotlight on non-verbal correspondence where they make progress toward congruity and are totally bunch reliance that they depend on the outward appearances, manner of speaking and stance. The Chinese individuals have an incredible comical inclination where they can snicker at themselves most promptly in the event that they will in general build up an agreeable relationship with the other individual. They likewise like to engage the individuals in broad daylight with their activities (Kinlock Metge, 2014). Techniques of correspondence Portray every system and its importance Non-Verbal correspondence Strategy: The motions are gestures when they are normal because of the controlled style. The Chinese individuals don't like to be contacted however they acknowledge it in the open spot. With a similar sexual orientation and the dear well disposed, there can be contacting. The space with the insignificant physical contact is favored in the open zone with tolerating the groups to compel individuals to live respectively leaving no close to home space (North Fiske, 2015). The Chinese correspondence style depends on taking care of the qualities which is of a more slow or the less forceful methodology and will in general conceptualize the thought before remarking on it. Verbal correspondence: The correspondence is for the most part a gathering of related dialects that are the sub-vernaculars of Chinese like Mandarin, Wu and so on. These characters are embracing the composing framework on the planet with center being constrained by the socialist gatherings also. The composed methodologies are additionally there with email, content or visit. How these techniques impact or effect the job as medicinal services supplier? The technique helps in understanding the individual and ascribes to the Communist guideline which is on the aggregate culture. The general public disposition of constancy and time point of view depends on conquering the difficulties with time (De Mooij, 2015). Here, the characteristics are set in a more grounded relationship with the feeling of taking duties of the gathering and reliability which is significant. Chinese will in general coordinate with others and reinforce relationship. China has a powerful separation with away from of significant level of disparity in the riches and influence between the various individuals in the general public. It is critical to concentrate on the condition to be acknowledged by the general public under the social legacy. Hindrances to correspondence Distinguish obstructions? The issues identified with the emphasis on close to home plan, typological contrasts, encountering physical trouble. There are boundaries identified with the syllabic structure and correspondence with the outsiders too. They have the issues identified with contact, particularly the young ladies, at the hour of discussion. How to conquer hindrances? What are the pertinent systems? Understand that Chinese are not happy with the body contact. They utilize tonal language which has a legitimate syllabic structure and the phonemics that not quite the same as the other social language. With this, they can communicate in an unknown dialect like English which they will in general give an individual and diverse tone and elocution (Merkin et al., 2014). To deal with the methods of sorting out the thoughts, or interfacing the realities or on worrying on various focuses, they center around the language which has no qualification between the plural or the solitary structures. This is then meant the unknown dialect that will in general seem preposterous or clear and totally random. The little youngsters or youth of Chinese culture are supports by maintaining a strategic distance from discussions with them. They are instructed to be agreeable and humble, where the choral introductions are educated to them with the mentality. It is basic to comprehend about the Chinese corres pondence where the language style in China supposedly is convoluted to pick the style of correspondence. For the Chinese correspondence, it is seen as something other than the trading of only hardly any words. It is critical to set up congruity with building a relationship with the network. There are various religions which are drilled in China which depend on otherworldly illumination and prosperity. The individuals are allowed to adore with Communist gathering supressing the strict opportunity and embracing skepticism. The gathering does this primarily to work in controlling over the Chinese individuals (Shiraev et al., 2016). End Synopsis The social gathering of China is dealing with non-verbal communication which is a significant piece of correspondence. When addressing the Chinese individual, they don't keep any eye to eye connection, or they think about it as an affront (Prado et al., 2014). Anything that is relating to the base of the feet is likewise viewed as messy and unfit. Thus, alongside this, the individual demonstrating their shoes is likewise considered as an affront. The way of life is extremely held where the individuals center around regard, equity, uprightness and kindness. Along these lines, they can make an individual social framework. Reference De Mooij, M. (2015). Multifaceted research in global advertising: clearing up a portion of the confusion.International Marketing Review,32(6), 646-662. Giger, J. N. (2016).Transcultural Nursing-E-Book: Assessment and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. (2014).Talking past one another: issues of culturally diverse correspondence. Victoria University Press. Merkin, R., Taras, V., Steel, P. (2014). Best in class topics in multifaceted correspondence inquire about: An orderly and meta-diagnostic review.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,38, 1-23. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing social contrasts. Routledge. North, M. S., Fiske, S. T. (2015). Present day perspectives toward more established grown-ups in the maturing scene: A culturally diverse meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,141(5), 993. Prado, C., Mellor, D., Byrne, L. K., Wilson, C., Xu, X., Liu, H. (2014). Facial feeling acknowledgment: a diverse examination of Chinese, Chinese living in Australia, and Anglo-Australians.Motivation and emotion,38(3), 420-428. Shiraev, E. B., Shiraev, E. B., Levy, D. A. (2016).Cross-social brain science: Critical reasoning and contemporary applications. Taylor Francis. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2017).Cross-social administration: Essential ideas. Sage Publications.

The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay Example for Free

The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay A few people call The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, by Stephen Covey, one of the most significant self improvement guides written in the previous twenty years. Others state it is outstanding amongst other business books composed late history. Whether or not it is known as a self improvement guide or a business book, it has been an uncontrollably well known and productive distribution. Seven Habits has sold more than fifteen million duplicates and has been on different success records ceaselessly since its distribution in 1989. To be sure, Coveys blockbuster book burned through five sequential years, 1991-1995, as Americas top genuine hit. Flock has profoundly held strict convictions. He is an individual from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, all the more usually known as the Mormons, which is reflected in his compositions. There is a solid Judeo-Christian hard working attitude upheld and the idea of an individual assuming individual liability for their very own turn of events, and the seven propensities he alludes to in this book bear a solid association with the Mormon Churchs thirteen central convictions. Flock accepts these seven propensities for exceptionally viable individuals can be scholarly and, then again, old propensities that advance inadequacy can be unlearned. A significant issue in learning and receiving the seven propensities for exceptionally compelling individuals, Covey opines in Seven Habits, is one of outlook changing. A worldview is characterized as a fundamental mental structure that emphatically impacts a people thoughts, convictions and, consequently, activities. An individual has ideal models about everything throughout everyday life: what makes a decent marriage, what is a decent school, what is satisfactory social conduct, and on infinitum. Until an individual can move from one perspective on issue, or circumstance, to another, the individual will be secured in old ideal models that can limit new understandings and development. Moving the United States Coast Guard from the Department of Transportation to the recently framed Department of Homeland Security will require certain government specialists to play out a change in outlook from how they recently saw the job and capacity of the USCG to another perspective. Ongoing persp ectives on make resoluteness in endeavors at critical thinking, the executives, and initiative. Brood separates his seven propensities for exceptionally compelling individuals into three interrelated classifications; the first are propensities for character, the second are propensities for outward articulation that lead to relationship with others, and the keep going propensity concentrating on supporting the development procedure. This division turns out to be clear when he records his propensities. Propensities for Independence: * Habit #1. Be proactive. Bunch composes it is dependent upon the person to hold onto the activity to utilize their assets to progress in the direction of objectives. He talks about a hover of impact and a hover of concern and hypothesizes that stressing over things past your hover of impact isn't beneficial, however working inside your hover of impact is the most ideal approach to augment your viability. * Habit #2. Start With The End In Mind. Group delineates this propensity with a somewhat chilling inquiry: What do you need individuals to state about you at your burial service? He at that point includes that you can help your advancement toward accomplishing your objectives in the event that you practice representation, so when you at long last endeavor an undertaking, you will have just done it on many occasions in your creative mind. This is a strategy mentors have shown free toss shooters to rehearse for a considerable length of time; imagine your position, your pre-shot ceremonies lastly envision the ball going neatly through the net. Flock composes, We might be occupied, we might be productive, however we will likewise be genuinely compelling when we start in view of the end. * Habit #3. Put First Things First. This is a period the board propensity and Covey sums up what he implies by composing, Organize and execute around needs. He builds up a network where he separates all exercises in four classes: In Quadrant I are things that are significant and critical. In Quadrant II are things that are significant, yet not dire. In Quadrant III are things that are critical, yet not significant. Lastly, In Quadrant IV are things that at not significant and not critical. Propensity #3, including Coveys network about time the board, is the Golden Nugget of this book. Brood expresses that effective individuals keep the vast majority of their exercises in Quadrant II since they can design and get ready for future exercises. Those individuals who continually discover their exercises in Quadrant I will in the end copy out with unreasonable anxiety since they are in a ceaseless emergency mode. Those people who discover the vast majority of their exercises in Quadrants II I and IV are regularly wild and dependant on others or foundations to assist them with living their lives. Bunch accepts that the term time the board is really a misnomer; that is, the test isn't the manner by which to oversee time, yet rather how to oversee ourselves. One of the focal subjects of the book is finding the right P/PC balance. On the off chance that we can't oversee ourselves, and our time, we will always be unable to keep up appropriate Production. The P alludes to creation and the PC alludes to creation capacity. He outlines this P/PC polarity by utilizing a machine as a delineation. In the event that you ruin a machine twenty-four hours per day, seven days every week, fifty fourteen days per year you will get incredible creation at first, however in the long run that machine will separate and be demolished or need fix. Assuming, be that as it may, you run the machine on a routinely planned support premise, you may not accomplish a similar creation numbers as a machine being constantly utilized, yet it won't endure significant breakdowns and as time goes on the creation will be more noteworthy. Propensities for Interdependence. * Habit #4. Think Win-Win. This is a propensity that urges you to look for arrangements of shared advantage to all gatherings worried, instead of win-lose circumstances where one individual successes and the other individual loses. Brood delineates this propensity by declaring that an incredible programming specialist right off the bat in life is athletic rivalry where understudies build up a fundamental worldview that life is a lose-lose situation; that is, on the off chance that somebody wins, somebody must lose. To be genuinely fruitful, Covey composes, an individual has to realize how to use the qualities of others and that is done not by making win/lose circumstances, yet rather looking to make win/win circumstances. Surely, he feels no arrangement is better than a non-win-win bargain. * Habit #5. Look for First To Understand, Then To Be Understood. This is a correspondence propensity that centers around empathic listening abilities. He asks how might you make win/win circumstances on the off chance that you don't tune in to the next individual? Doctors analyze before they endorse. Top sales reps find the customers needs before they offer an answer. In like manner, people need to practice compassion; they should try to initially comprehend different people perspective before offering their own answers * Habit #6. Synergize. Bunch characterizes cooperative energy as significance the entire is more prominent than the total of its parts. He accepts we have to esteem the contrasts among individuals and how they see the world and understand their standards probably won't be our ideal models, yet they are similarly substantial for them. When an individual acknowledges the legitimacy of looking for win-win arrangement, the propensity for synergize or looking for agreeable collaboration gets obvious. Collaboration comes about because of esteeming contrasts and by uniting those distinctions in the soul of common regard. * Habit #7. Hone The Saw. In self-restoration, Covey refers to four aspects of our life that require consistent consideration: physical, mental, enthusiastic social and profound. He composed that individuals get too caught up with delivering or sawing and infrequently set aside the effort to stop and hone their saw or those four parts of their lives. In the event that they would set aside the effort to stop and hone, the time they lost honing would be more than remunerated by expanded creation. The model refered to delineate this point is one of hardware. On the off chance that a machine runs max speed 24 hours every day for seven days per week, fifty fourteen days per year, without time being saved for support, it will before long break under the anxiety. Assuming nonetheless, that equivalent machine has a customary support plan, it could work inconclusively. Flock recognizes something he calls the Character Ethic from the Personality Ethic. He trusts Americans have moved away from grasping character morals, or wide suffering lasting qualities, for example, genuineness, faithfulness and even the Ten Commandments, and turned towards Personality Ethics, where the accentuation is currently on such things as how to dress for progress, one-minute arrangements and handy solutions. He feels the fresher accentuation on character centers consideration around momentary arrangements though the trait related with the Character Ethic advances more beneficial good long haul arrangements. This was my preferred piece of the book since America genuinely has moved away from a Kantian good absolutism point of view and has encouraged to a greater extent an ethical relativism approach. Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People is a book that can't be perused one time and be completely comprehended. Each propensity contains so much data and insight that it is for all intents and purposes difficult to disguise what Covey is stating without perusing and rehashing each area. It is difficult to refer to one thing as the most significant as identified with initiative since they are between related. The one idea clarified in this book had the best effect on my life, until this point, was Coveys conversation of time the board. In secondary school, when my dad initially acquainted me with this book, I was fairly disrupted and to some degree disordered in requesting my needs. In spite of the fact that I had never understood it, my dad clarified portions of the book all around ok with the goal that I could profit by a portion of its information. I particularly recall occupying out the time framework graph presented in Habit 3 and finding the greater part of my exercises fell into Quadrant I. It was evident I was not arranging my demonstration

Into the wild Essay

Numb-skull or Hero? Into the Wild is a book about a youngster named Christopher Johnson McCandless, who had a brilliant future yet discarded everything by climbing into Alaska ill-equipped and alone. Chris McCandless can be marked a saint, someone to be respected or an imbecile. He can be known as a legend since he demonstrated individuals through his own activities how to live free and not be controlled. He can be known as a nitwit since he had decent training and a splendid future however he decided to go ill-equipped into the wild and hazard his life and in the long beyond words. In April of 1992 Chris who experienced childhood in a wealthy family, concluded that he needed to catch a ride to Alaska and walk alone in the wild of Mt. Mckinley. Before Chris chose to do this he had a pleasant future ahead him. He graduated with distinction from Emory University in the late spring of 1990. Chris was savvy and he was a tip top competitor. Directly after he graduated he vanished. â€Å"What nobody knew-was that he would in a matter of seconds give all the cash in his school store to Oxfam America, a foundation devoted to battling hunger† (Into the Wild: Pg. 20). He likewise consumed the entirety of his money, deserted his vehicle and essentially began his life without any preparation. Chris likewise told the outsiders he experienced that his name was Alex. On account of this his family couldn’t follow him and discover him. Despite the fact that Chris absurdly went out into the wild with no experience or any technique to endure he can be viewed as a legend/somebody to be turned upward to. By attempting to climb in Alaska he indicated individuals that they can live their lives anyway they need to, be autonomous and settle on their own choices. Through his activities he is genuinely indicating what freedom implies. Regardless of what number of individuals attempted to prevent him from trekking in the wilds he could never yield. Chris tells Ron, a resigned armed force veteran who he meets in his movements, â€Å" Look Mr. Franz, you don’t need to stress over me I am not down and out, I am living like this by choice† (Into the Wild, Pg. 51). He was constantly spurred to be free and didn’t let anybody settle on choices for him. Chris likewise tells Ron, â€Å"you should roll out an extreme improvement in yourâ lifestyle and start to intensely do things which you may already never have thought of doing, or been excessively reluctant to attempt† (John Krakauer, Into the Wild). By saying that he is advising Ron to investigate the world, not to tune in to any other person and go any place his heart takes him. Chris can be gazed upward to on the off chance that they get his genuine message. Chris wasn’t fundamentally saying individuals should climb to Alaska however he was stating that everybody could control their own lives. There are numerous reasons why Chris McCandless is a simpleton for both destroying his life and getting himself murdered. He was a decent understudy in school and could have had a splendid expert future, yet he dismissed doctoral level college. He was a notable competitor so he could have had companions however he didn’t need any. He had a reserve funds of 25,000 dollars and he just parted with it. He could have utilized the cash to carry on with an ordinary life. Rather than living like an ordinary individual he chose to vanish without advising his family and climb to Alaska. Indeed, even the manner in which he voyaged was silly. At the point when he began his climb alone his chances for enduring were at that point low in light of the fact that it’s practically difficult to climb through Alaska alone. He was much increasingly silly on account of the absence of provisions and food. He just carried a sack of rice to eat. The firearm that he carried wasn’t incredib le enough to bring down a mountain bear or any bear in the event that he saw one, so he couldn't ensure himself. So Chris can be known as a dolt since he disparaged the estimation of training, family and didn’t get ready appropriately for getting by in the wild of Alaska. In certain people groups eyes Chris is a legend and in others Chris is a numb-skull. He got himself killed by climbing to Alaska and yet he was sending a positive message out to everybody. Chris is stating that â€Å"It is simple, when you are youthful, to accept that what you want is no not as much as what you merit, to expect that on the off chance that you need something gravely enough, it is your natural option to have it† (Jon Krakauer, Into the Wild). Despite the fact that the way Chris attempted to demonstrate his point made him look stupid he was just doing it for valid justifications. Individuals never comprehended why Chris discarded his life, yet that’s in light of the fact that Chris just did what he needed to and he told us by model the best way to be in charge of our lives.

What Is the Best Way of Explaining Football Hooliganism Free Essays

What is the most ideal method of clarifying football hooliganism? â€Å"Serious sport has nothing to do with reasonable play. It is bound up with scorn, desire, pride, negligence everything being equal and vicious delight in seeing savagery. At the end of the day: it is war short the shooting. We will compose a custom exposition test on What Is the Best Way of Explaining Football Hooliganism? or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now † (Oswell, 1945) The most ideal approach to disclose football hooliganism is to see it in a similar setting as war. Like war, football hooliganism has various elements that all add to the general objective. In spite of the fact that the objective of each is at first considered as clearly extraordinary †war, to a few, is shown as a positive thing, particularly inside the social development of futurism, while football hooliganism is, in general, a negative as depicted for the most part by the media †there are notwithstanding, likenesses among the two that still can't seem to be additionally investigated. To exhibit this I will increase further knowledge into, what I accept are, the similitudes of war and football hooliganism. I will do this by contemplating and clarifying the three principle properties of every, which are; Territory, manliness, and the ethical codes every social gathering follows. With region I will analyze how the two gatherings safeguard and secure their ‘homelands’ and how they accomplish a feeling of pride by asserting somebody else’s land. In spite of the fact that they direct this in various manners, I will ideally have the option to introduce how comparative their procedure of accomplishing this are. Through the investigation of manliness, I will investigate the representative implying that each present, so as to accomplish a high status of being a ‘real man’. How they attack their opponents is additionally contemplated, so as to cause them to feel less commendable or ‘manly’, including how style and uniform assume a significant job. Prior to finishing up my discoveries, I will investigate how good codes set interior ‘laws’ inside every social gathering, to which each must live in their domains of battling, concentrating explicitly on the standard that non-soldiers or ‘civilians’ are not to be hurt during battle, and how each gathering recognizes warriors and regular folks from each other. I will bolster my cases by utilizing my own methodological research †in which I met an unknown football convict, who we will name as ‘Darren’ †I will likewise utilize Anthony Kings’ The post-advancement of football hooliganism (1997) diary article, T. W. Reesers Masculinities in principle: A presentation, and Michael Byers’ Understanding global law and outfitted clash †War Law (2005). By utilizing the different sources, as said above, I would like to have the option to help my case that football hooliganism can be clarified in a similar setting as war, through three significant segments †Territory, manliness and good codes †in which I have distinguished likenesses among the two social gatherings. â€Å"†¦ Hooliganism’s focal encounter included the ‘taking of the ends’, where fans would look to penetrate the opponent’s patio and attest their case to the space. This ceremonial battle was hyperbolically portrayed as war (between countries) by numerous fans, however once in a while included the victory of a total patio. † (King, 1997) The above statement †taken from Anthony Kings’ article on the post-innovation of football hooliganism †gives us that the possibility of hooliganism has similitudes with the idea of war. This isn't just appeared through my own proof, yet additionally by football evildoers themselves. During colonization, the British armed force would guarantee different regions in various nations and guarantee them as a major aspect of Britain. They would do this by catching towns and urban areas, and driving the acquiescence of the national individuals. A definitive point was to secure Britain and furthermore show the world that we were a solid, free nation, with an amazing armed force, that could take over different countries effortlessly. Today, war is led in an unexpected way. Colonization is a relic of past times, rather than dominating and guaranteeing different countries, the British armed force show their quality in different nations, and set up base camps inside remote towns as their own to guarantee these as a major aspect of their region. Football hoodlums utilize a method like that of the colonization time frame. On a match day, evildoers will show their quality and force by endeavoring to guarantee something of the resistances. This differs from porches to bars, and some of the time to boulevards. During my meeting with ‘Darren’, he upheld this case by expressing, when requested a clarification of football hooliganism, â€Å"†¦ Just taking freedoms, going to different people’s estates, in their bars, assuming control over, getting them out, safeguarding our region, and taking over theirs†¦ †(Darren, individual meeting, Jan 2012). Most hoodlums will affirm that the strategy for taking ‘enemy’ region is destroying the spot they have ‘captured’. This is noteworthy to the way toward asserting domain as it puts a blemish on the restrictions name, letting them and other ‘firms’ realize that they the capacity to control, some of the time with the utilization of specific stickers with the culprits signature (which is generally the clubs symbol and a short message). As far as similitudes with war, when the British armed force would guarantee a region for their own, they would stamp it with the association jack banner, demonstrating that they were presently ‘in charge’ in a manner of speaking. As appeared above, as far as region, we can see the similitudes among war and football hooliganism through the manner by which the two of them mark their domain and set about guaranteeing resistances region. Inside both social gatherings, officers and evildoers both have the conviction that they are battling for something, a higher being than themselves: for warriors it is for Queen and nation; for criminals it is for their group and neighborhood. The two of them compose, design and plan for the execution of their activities, both knowing the dangers of their activities, and are eager to face the challenges to battle for what they accept is a definitive reason. As indicated by T. W. Reeser (2010), one manner by which to see manliness is to take a gander at it as a belief system, rather than an individualized creation. Watching manliness inside this setting permits us to see different ideas of manliness inside various foundations and gatherings. This hypothesis can take a shot at numerous levels and can be related with numerous establishments, for example, the military, sports and the business world. In the event that we see the belief system of manliness inside the military, it gives us that the state needs the military to introduce themselves as well as can be expected be, a model being the army’s trademark †‘army, be the best’. The manner by which officers are restrained and instructed how to introduce themselves is all piece of their preparation in manliness. As a fighter, the uniform is the thing that separates you from people in general. It is the emblematic significance of the uniform and weapon that an officer has that is significant in indicating others their philosophy of manliness. At the point when we, as the general population, see a male officer, in disguise uniform holding a weapon, we in a split second observe what is intended to be a ‘real man’. The uniform, especially privileged decorations, gives us that the individual has served his nation and faced against others in conflict. The uniform speaks to the nation that the trooper is battling for and the firearm is his weapon that he utilizes against the restriction, to incapacitate and hurt them. They confirm their manliness through sorted out and arranged assaults, when they prevail with regards to incapacitating the resistance, or a projectile that arrives at its objective, is an officers method of expelling the restrictions manliness and expanding all alone. Football law breakers follow a similar belief system of manliness that officers do. They gain from their friends how to carry on and act, and have a ‘uniform’ to keep, which, similar to officers, is an image of their manliness. The uniform football crooks wear isn't as much an announcement of power, however an announcement of style. The uniform is known as the ‘casual look’, which includes wearing top brand names of polo shirts, jumpers, pants and coaches, and sometimes what is known as the goggle coat, a coat which masks your face however permits the hoodlum to see through a couple of inbuilt goggles. They utilize this uniform to disclose to one another separated, a method of realizing who is there to battle and who isn't. â€Å"The easygoing look, its a method of distinguishing individuals, you realize who will be who. (Darren, individual meeting, Jan 2012) Darren bolsters this in the above statement. The easygoing look is a uniform which represents their manliness to others around them. As warriors will utilize their weapons as another indication of manliness and to attack their adversaries, crooks rather will utilize their serenades and tunes. The serenades and tunes are explicitly made to criticize their opponents, and generally talk about the restriction as being explicitly unreasonable, modest phallic references and deriding their sexual exhibition. This is upheld by Anthony King in his article on the post-advancement of football hooliganism. â€Å"Through the help of a football crew, the male fan attests his status as a man (according to his companions and himself) and furthermore verbalizes the idea of that masculinity. A focal practice in the re-constitution of masculinity in football is the common reciting in which fans partake. Through these melodies, male fans re-certify and re-arrange the somewhat sub-cognizant thought of their manliness. † (King, 1997) As far as manliness inside the military and football hooliganism, we can see that the similitudes are, the way every utilization a uniform and weapon as an image of th

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Isolation Created By War in All Quiet on the Western Front - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as one who has seen its brutality, its stupidity† (Eisenhower 1). These are words written by Dwight Eisenhower, a Five Star General in the United States Army, and a veteran soldier from the Second World War. Eisenhower reveals how, although he did not die in the Second World War, he never really survived; the horrific events he endures form memories that stay with him for his entire life. Eisenhower’s inner feeling portray the thoughts of the fictional character Paul Baumer, the protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front. Isolation is a key reason soldiers kept their hearts closed during the First World War. Through the eyes of Paul Baumer, Erich Remarque, the author of All Quiet on the Western Front, illustrates that along with the isolation from others, soldiers experience isolation from their families, and even themselves during the First World War. The isolation from others is the most common form of isolation depicted in the novel, and occurring in the First World War. Soldiers train to be detached killing machines, having sympathy for neither comrades nor enemies. After stabbing a French artilleryman, Paul Baumer is forced to watch the enemy soldier die next to him. Baumer talks to the man and in doing so gains sympathy for him. When the artilleryman eventually ends up dying, Baumer is filled with dismay. â€Å"I do not mention the dead printer† (Remarque 228). Baumer does not tell his comrades about the encounter with the enemy soldier, as he knows that he is ridiculed and punished for sympathising with the enemy. Soldiers are instructed to not trust anyone. The First World War ruined soldiers by causing them to lose the ability to love. Another side effect that soldiers in the war experience is loneliness and the feeling that nobody could relate to them. Towards the end of the novel, Baumer says, â€Å"Let the month s and years come, they can take nothing more. I am so alone, and so without hope that I can confront them without fear† (Remarque 295). War, particularly World War One, desensitizes soldiers from the world around them. When his final comrade â€Å"Kat† dies, Baumer feels as though there is nobody left who can relate to him. Furthermore, being isolated from someone as close to you as your family is far worse than being isolated from non-family members. Soldiers returning home from the war are destined to experience isolation from their families. They feel as though nobody can relate to them, aside from other soldiers. Therefore, when soldiers are removed from the front, they have nobody to which they can relate. Regular townsmen are unable to grasp the horrors of war. In chapter seven of the novel, Paul Baumer is awarded a temporary leave from the front to go â€Å"home†; however, Baumer implies that he is unable to feel at home in his house. â€Å"I breathe deeply and say to myself: ‘You are at home, you are at home.’ But a sense of strangeness will not leave me, I cannot feel at home amongst these things† (Remarque 160). Even though Baumer has spent his entire childhood in a house he calls â€Å"home† and with people he calls â€Å"family†, the house feels unfamiliar and the people seem like strangers. Later in the chapter, Baumer says â€Å"There is my mother, there is my sisterbut I am not myself there. There is a distance, a veil between us† (Remarque 160). The war creates a permanent barrier between soldiers and the rest of society, depicted in the microcosm of Baumer and his family. Soldiers feel isolated from everyone around them, including their families. Above all, the worst form of isolation that soldiers experience is isolation from themselves. In the First World War, soldiers felt desperation and loneliness to the point where shooting themselves to leave the front lines felt necessary. Committing suicide was very common during the First World War as a way to escape the horrors of the war. â€Å"He gropes for the fork, seizes it, and drives it with all his force against his heart† (Remarque 261). Paul Baumer refers to a soldier he is with in the hospital. The soldier disregards physical pain and tries to kill himself with a blunt fork to escape the mental and emotional torture that fills his life. Soldiers feel isolation from themselves, causing them to think with this mindset. When Baumer contemplates reading a novel at his house, he hopes that it can take him out of reality. â€Å"The breath of desire that then arose from the coloured backs of books, shall fill me again, melt the heavy, dead lump of lead that lies somewhere in me and waken again the impatience of the future, the quick joy in the worlds of thought, it shall bring back the lost eagerness of my youth† (Remarque 171). In the First World War, the perfect soldier is one who feels no emotions; a destructive killing machine that has no remorse. In becoming isolated from themselves, soldiers are transformed into emotionless, blank-faced, solitary people. Through the isolation from others, family, and especially themselves, war destroys soldiers mentally and emotionally before they are inevitably killed physically. Isolation from others is the first form of isolation that soldiers experience, and they feel segregated from society as a result. Furthermore, soldiers experience isolation from their own families and have nobody to talk to about the tortures of war, causing them to feel alone and unable to relate to anybody. The final form of isolation that soldiers experience is isolation from themselves, resulting in tragedies such as self-mutilation and suicide. Not only do soldiers feel isolated from others, they feel isolated from their families and even themselves, as portrayed by Paul Baumer’s perspective in All Quiet on the Western Front. â€Å"This book will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war† (Remarque, Prologue). Long before Paul Baumer physically dies in the war, he dies emotionally and mentally through the isolation from others, his family, and from himself. Works Cited: Eisenhower Presidential Library. Eisenhower Presidential Library. Presidential Libraries System, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, 1982. Print.

Gender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace

Thesis: Women face considerable sexual discrimination in the world of work, significantly limiting their employment prospects and subsequent advancement in their careers. Gender Discrimination Against Women In The Workplace Traditionally, women have been considered to be the weaker sex and subordinate to men. Moreover, their roles have been assigned to domestic and childrearing duties. The job market is male dominated, and women are often considered to be out of place therein. Women face considerable sexual discrimination in the world of work, significantly limiting their employment prospects and subsequent advancement in their careers. Women generally find it more difficult than men to acquire a†¦show more content†¦Added to this fact, women lead more complex social lives than that of men. They often must balance their roles as financial providers and child caregivers. Employers often ask personal questions to female applicants. They aim to obtain background information. This may include her marital status, whether she has any children and their ages, or if she is a single mother. Then they interpret these pieces of information in several, prejudiced lights. For example, if she is married, they assume that her husband is the primary breadwinner and her role will be subordinate. This puts the female applicant at a disadvantage when compared to a male applicant with a â€Å"wife and family to support.† Or they may assume that a single parent mother with a young child may need too much personal time to fulfil her parental roles at the loss to the employer (manifesting as a loss in â€Å"man-hours†). Women – both single and married – may even be asked if they intend to have children at a job interview, perhaps informally. And if they say â€Å"yes†, thoughts of maternity leave, subsidized childcare and their costs imm ediately spring in the minds of the employer. A woman who leaves her job on maternity leave often runs the risk of not having a job to return to. â€Å"Britain for example, has the lowest rate of maternity leave in the European Union. Sixty percent ofShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination Against Women During The Workplace1088 Words   |  5 PagesGender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace We have made a lot of strides for women in the workplace in the past couple of decades but the problem that still remains is discrimination. A women just wants to be treated like others in the workplace and not to be harassed, judged, looked down or might not be considered for the position because she is a women. According the Department of Labor Statistics 57% of women participate in the labor force, 70% of these women have children underRead MoreThe Wage Gap Between Men And Women1337 Words   |  6 PagesMen and women. Even the name of the female gender is derived from the male species. For years, women have been discriminated against in an array of areas such as politics, at home, and in the workplace. The most debated area of gender discrimination is the wage gap between men and women. After reviewing the following facts, it is obvious women are essentially just as valuable as men, and therefore should be treated equally in the workplace. The pay gap between males and females has been a topic thatRead MoreEssay about Sex Discrimination 1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. Discrimination can take a very overt form (e.g., refusal to hire women into certain jobs), but in many instances, gender discrimination involves the degree to which the workplace is open to versus resistant to the participation of women. Although many discussions of gender discrimination have focused on the ways managers andRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreGender Based Pay And Promotion Discrimination1104 Words   |  5 PagesAlvarez and Moser explore the claims of gender-based pay and promotion discrimination that is fast emerging as the latest challenge for employers seeking to reduce litigation risks. These claims are from recent jury verdicts, pending legislation in Congress, and headline-grabbing court decisions. These court decisions and legislative initiatives raise the specter of a flood of class claims against employers for pay and promotion discrimination. I will use this source for ground for my argument. ItRead MoreGender Issues in the Workplace1537 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Gender Issues in the Workplace Introduction Believe it or not women have had rights in the work force for over two hundred years. Women should be treated as equals with men in the work place, but that is not always the case. Companies need to be careful with gender issues; they could lead to law suits and cost millions of dollars. People whether it is men or women should be hired, promoted, or given raises based on their experience not their gender. Dealing with gender issues in the work placeRead MoreImproving Workplace Opportunities For Women1590 Words   |  7 PagesA century ago women were excluded from the opportunities which men enjoyed. Today, many countries including Canada have progressed significantly by creating anti-discrimination laws that have performed a critical role in expanding workplace opportunities for women. However, these laws failed to guarantee workplace equality since female workers still face discrimination through significant pay gaps for similar job duties, lack of representation in boards and hig h paying positions, and also face sexualRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Tips For Executives, Managers, And Students1261 Words   |  6 Pages David A. Robinson wrote a short book, Workplace Discrimination: Tips for Executives, Managers, and Students to Increase Productivity and Reduce Litigation, in hopes to help managers and future managers avoid illegal discrimination and avoid discrimination lawsuits. Robinson began with telling about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech and compared it to the time today to American President Barak Obama. From Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech to the inauguration of American PresidentRead MoreGender Discrimination : An Ethical Problem Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Gender Discrimination is a type of discrimination where basing on a particular person’s gender (or) sex a person is discriminated, majorly this type of discrimination is faced by women and girls. In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference. This paper

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins - 1189 Words

Aubi-Ann Genus Ms.Vedula 4 December 2015 â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a Feminist Story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gillman focuses on the oppression of women in the 19th century. The story introduces us into the awareness of a woman who is slowly going insane over the course of the summer. She recently just gave birth to a baby and is most likely suffering from some type of depression. Analyzing this story, we see the frustrations of women during The Victorian era. Women were manipulated into certain stereotypes as a wife and mother. Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper† analyses the question is â€Å"Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s real life experiences are reflected in her short story†? â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† examines the theme of†¦show more content†¦It is, she notices, â€Å"One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin† (Gilman, 307). Another significant setting is isolation which speaks volume to the narrator will be exposed to as well as a sense of imprisonment. The narrator s outlook of the setting is described both literally and figuratively by her inadequate and troubled perspective. The narrator sees the yellow wallpaper in the room as a malicious and upsetting presence, whereas it actually may not be so. Because the whole story is described from her point of view, the readers gradually see how the narrators mind, body and soul is affected by The Yellow Wallpaper. The room that she is placed to reside in may be nursery, as she claims to have been told, it could also be a room of imprisonment to hold mental patients, it has rings and things(Gillman). On the walls, the isolation of the house and room enhances the narrator’s loneliness and distance, both psychological and emotional. The form of the woman trapped behind it, the bulbous eyes (Hudock, 2) watching over it, all mirror the narrator s hysteri a and paranoia, which escalates during the course of the story. Third Jane uses symbolism in a multitude of ways throughout the story. First the revolting paper becomes a symbol as she pictures a woman who, like herself, the narrator hides and creeps behind the patterns of the Victorian femme secret laws that subdue wives. In her determination to free herself from

Socialization Into The Nursing Practice - 1528 Words

Victorine Bekesi Bowie State University School of Professional Studies Socialization into the Nursing Practice Nursing 425 Being a new graduate with a bachelor degree in nursing is the most exciting thing everyone would need to have in life. As a new graduate, there are so many challenges as the nurse is try to familiarize themselves into the role and responsibilities of the clinical practice. These challenges include the many stressful demands of the profession which does not only involve the nursing practice and patient care but also the socialization of formal and informal hospital orders and their regulations. In addition to this, the new graduate lack of knowledge and clinical experience actually makes it overwhelming. Although the new graduate nurse has the qualification that requires them to practice as register nurses, they still feel much unprepared for the expectations and demands of their new role. In order to increase comfort and facilitate my socialization into this new profession, the method to do this includes making effort to learn and practice many skills now in school. Also having the c onfident to ask questions of what I do not understand from the seniors who have been there for a long time will help to make socialization into the new role as a graduate nurse easy (Feng Show MoreRelatedNursing Is An Ever Changing Field1238 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt that nursing is an ever changing field. Although nursing always has been about caring for others, at the present time, this field is more sophisticated and respected than in the past. Currently, there are standards of nursing practice and professional performance developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA) for American nurses to follow. However, there is some controversy about whether nursing is a profession or not. Also, in order to learn these standards as well as otherRead MoreThe Role Of Professional Socialization During The Transition Period1686 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional socialization occurs when individuals are exposed to different socialization agents including clients, peers, fa culty, healthcare professionals and family. The process of professional socialization is aimed at allowing individuals to communicate successfully. Students get the opportunity to learn diverse experiences by interacting with the agents, and this facilitates professional development. New graduate nurses have high turnover rates due to the gap in theory and practice and realityRead MoreProfessional Socialization : Professional Motivation1172 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Socialization is defined as a process where individuals form the characteristics, attitudes and values of a particular profession (Lai PK, Pek HL). In the nursing field, professional socialization is a necessary step involving the LPN/LVN into their new RN role by assisting them with the internalization and development of their new professional identity. (Ellis Hartley. 2011) However, transitioning into this new role can be a complex and challenging multi-faced process (Boychuk DuchscherRead MoreEssay Professio nal Socialization681 Words   |  3 Pages| Professional Socialization | LaTonya Jefferson NUR/391 Henny Breen July 5,2010 | | | | | What is Professional Socialization? Professional Socialization is defined as the process by which individuals acquire the specializedRead MoreSocialization Into Nursing1131 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper is about the socialization of nursing, which includes the internalization of the attitudes and values of the role. The importance of role modeling the applied behaviors and skills through preceptor experiences to aid the new nurse is discussed. The importance of the socialization process and its impact on staff recruitment and retention is touched on. The author also shares her experience upon entry to the nursing profession and how it helped her socialization. â€Æ' According to CreasiaRead MoreEssay on Week 3 NR351 Discussion697 Words   |  3 Pagesprogram, you are again going through a period of socialization or transformation. As you learn more about the roles of the BSN-prepared nurse, how can you use other nurses with BSNs and higher degrees to help you in your socialization or transformation? What factors are most important as you become socialized as a BSN student? What are your resources in this process? How can this process be most effective? According to the lesson, socialization is the interactive process of developing an identityRead MoreNursing Socialization Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesSocialization into Nursing Kimberly Grazier Winston Salem State University Abstract In this paper you will learn about socialization of nursing and the important role that it plays in staff retention. The goal of business’s that employee nurses are to not only retain staff but to keep them happy and satisfied as well. I have included several examples of how to do this. I have also included examples of the attitudes and values of a well socialized nurse and how this affects not only the nurseRead MoreThe Standards Of Nursing Practice1464 Words   |  6 PagesStandards in nursing practice involve a myriad of collaborated and approved beliefs with each as important as the other. To achieve the goals that are set when providing healthcare, it requires a comprehensive mindset, a positive outlook, and participation with a team that supports and encourages quality collaboration effort with others to reach the goals. Collaboration is the standard of nursing that I have chosen to write about. Collaboration means to work together with others to effect a changeRead M oreGoals Of Professional Socialization785 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional socialization has four goals: (1) to learn the technology of the profession- the facts, skills, and theory, (2) to learn to internalize the professional culture, (3) to find a personally and professionally acceptable version of the role, and (4) to integrate this professional role into all of the other life roles (Masters, p. 174). In the first goal, it is our duty to stay in touch with advancing technology. This advancement allows more efficient and precise diagnostics. We are learningRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing Education1333 Words   |  6 PagesMy philosophy of nursing education develops out of my philosophy of nursing. They are woven together as I am both a nurse and educator. I don t desire to be one without the other; and, I trust the two together are much more grounded than either one alone. My philosophy of nursing is based off the four concepts of nursing. The four concepts of nursing are person, health, nursing, and environment. My own philosophy of teaching is a result of numerous impacts including background, guideline, a merging

Reflection About Literacy - 1263 Words

The bridge to literacy is paved with the bricks of admonished concepts, and council. Literacy is simply a human invention to communicate with other humans and as such, requires a sherpa (or multiple) to guide the growing writer to a refined level of effective reading and writing. This â€Å"sponsor of literacy† can be found among all readers and writers. They are the individuals who had nurtured growth in education and formed the bricks of your first step towards literacy. Through identifying and studying this process, an individual can proudly take the next step upward towards effective and refined writing. Through pain and agony, I was a very resistant child and most of my reading experiences were forced upon me. I remember having to do a†¦show more content†¦The magazine cover displayed an Egyptian pyramid which instantly captured my imagination and created an insatiable appetite towards ancient structures. I had been so unfamiliar with associating enjoyment and literature that reading the photograph captions felt taboo, as if looking at pornography. I had begun asking my parents for books pertaining to Ancient Egypt for every holiday. I had discovered a bridge between my self interests and my literacy growth. I was so enthralled by such foreign concepts, delivered through academic text, that I had unknowingly begun to take the next step towards self-growth. †¨ I learned that reading did not always have to be a daunting task limited to predetermined texts listed on some scholastic reading list. I realized that I had a profound interest in a specific subject and that reading literature pertaining to that subject was really not that bad. My focus and stamina began to grow, as well as my information retention. It was clear that there was a direct correlation to my personal interest and my reading ability. However, reading literature which was not related to my interests was still very daunting to me. I have found that if I could find som ething in a text to connect with, that my focus becomes a little more productive. †¨ My writing development had also progressed due to this self-growth, although at a slower pace than my reading level. As an adolescent, the majority of my personal writings were graded assignments which wouldShow MoreRelatedReflection About Media Literacy Reflection1416 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Literacy Reflection What was the most useful part of the week for you? Media education is an important aptitude for anybody today, particularly for more youthful ages, who are investing increasingly energy devouring the media. The Kaiser Family Foundation as of late found that people going from 8 to 18 years of age spend a normal of 7 hours and 38 minutes expending media. This is a hour and seventeen minutes longer daily than five years prior, a hop which the Kaiser Family Foundation puts downRead MoreReflection Paper About Literacy1154 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilt the foundation of my road to literacy, to reach the reader and writer I am today I had to work hard throughout my academic career, mainly in elementary, middle, and high school. After preschool, elementary school seemed like a six year old’s paradise, but that dream quickly crumbled as I learned that school included more than just recess. Fortunately, once I overcame the initial disappointment, elementary school proved to be the most crucial time for my literacy. The teachers helped their studentsRead MoreArticle, Critical Literacy in the Classroom by Ann S. Beck Shows the Need for Critical Thinking594 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Critical Literacy in the Classroom† (2005), was written by Ann S. Beck, an English teacher at Camosun College in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This article explains that it is imperative for teachers to understand the concepts of critical literacy as well as to achieve a critical teaching approach. The author’s main focus was to address and define the importance of teaching critical literacy as an educational practice by approaching dialogue (social act), reflection (critical literacy), and textualRead Mo reThe Benefits And Possibilities Of Coaching And Teacher Mentoring Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to inform you, the administration, about the innumerable benefits and possibilities of coaching and teacher mentoring, as well as to familiarize you with an overview of three specific coaching models. These will include cognitive coaching, literacy coaching, and differentiated coaching, each of which have their own unique set of strengths and weaknesses. The coaching process and experience can help the school in countless ways, starting with the teachers and tricklingRead MoreLiteracy Is The Key For Future Success Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is the key to future success. We have all heard this clichà ©, but as a future English teacher I passionately believe literacy is the key to success! When students become good readers, the door to a world of information is opened, and I want to see that door open for my students. As an English teacher who would like to work at the middle school level, I know the value of literacy and I hope to promote the best literacy practices in my classroom. This will not be an easy task, as readingRead MoreScience, Math, And Music Centers1634 Words   |  7 Pages The three content areas that I will be focusing on is science, math, and music centers. The science to children is finding out about different things about the everyday world that is around the children. Science is an active open-ended search for children for new knowledge. The major goal is to foster and support the intellectual development that makes up a child’s preschool years. These developments include receptive and the child’s expressive language skills of the children, self-regulationRead MoreAdult Literacy and Community Development Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesMy vision in my work with VOC this year is to explore the intersection of adult literacy and community development. Through research, I hope to learn more about the connection between research and practice in writing for adult learners; through working with a community based organization I hope to deepen my knowledge and understanding of the impact and challenges of working in a literacy program and how this translates into overall goals of improving livelihoods and building a stronger communityRead MoreTeaching Philosophy and Rationale1001 Words   |  4 Pagesenjoyable that it did not intimidate me to ask questions. No question was a silly question to encourage my learning. Through the highly motivating and thought provoking sessions in each lesson, there was always some useful idea to ponder and reflect about. The lessons would draw upon real life experiences across multiple disciplines that had application in life. There were multiple tools used in class to facilitate my learning ranging from audio-visuals, group discussions to actual hands on pragmaticRead MoreThe Utilization Of Storytelling As A Pedagogical Strategy1 689 Words   |  7 Pagesfoster language skills and learners’ motivation can be increased by being active learners and developing a constructive approach towards English language learning through taking part in storytelling’s activities. The role of storytelling in early literacy development: The history of storytelling may demonstrate the importance of using stories to educate children as well. Around 1899, storytelling started in the United States’ institutions. By 1927, storytelling has been adopted at most librariesRead MoreDifferent Methods Of Experience From Confucius1626 Words   |  7 PagesRecently I came across a saying from Confucius, â€Å"By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.† I have never quite come across a quote which is so analogous and relative to my life experiences, especially in a college class. I can literally translate the three methods to what I faced in this English class and it will seem as if they are indistinguishable. For me experience emerged

My Time of Community Service Essay Example For Students

My Time of Community Service Essay Completing community service for 10 hours was pretty awesome. I completed it in two different places. My first choice was â€Å"Best Buddies†. The way I found out about best buddies was when Mrs. Riceberg had two special guests come to the classroom one Tuesday night. They explained it was going to be a potluck. They also mentioned it would be fun to be able to bond with special education students. They explained how having a buddy to those kids would mean anything to them. My classmate â€Å"Sha† and I thought it would be the perfect place to complete our hours for community service. I baked a cake for the event. I used blue frosting and put â€Å"Best Buddies† right in the center of the cake. Once Sha and I got there we sat down in a chair inside a room. There were many others already sat, and patiently waiting for one of the main directors to speak. Once a good majority of people were there. The same women that came to speak to us in class was speaking to us at the potluck. She showed us the same video of â€Å"best buddies† we had seen in class. The video was used as an introduction to the event. She then continued to speak about how â€Å"Best Buddies† has made such a difference to these kids’ lives. After her introduction speech was done, she then had all of us stand up and introduce our selves individually to three people in that room, which didn’t take long at all. I met a 50 year old lady that loves to knit and was actually her very first year in best buddies. Not to mention she was quite the jokester. After that we went around introducing ourselves to everyone. Slowly one by one would stand up and mention the reason why we were attending the potluck. When it was our turn, Sha and I said we were invited and figured it was the perfect event to show up on to complete our assignment. After everyone in the room spoke, we were directed outside to eat the delicious food that everyone brought. Not to mention socialize with each other. I had a plate full of different kinds of food. Food such as pasta, cookies, mashed potato, and much more. As we were all shoving food in our face, we all also took the time to socialize with everyone. I met a guy who told me that best buddies was the best thing that has ever happened to him. He mentioned how he use to get bullied at school because he was different. I mentioned that sometimes students would be mean to me too. He then high fived me and told me I was very short. I laughed and said â€Å"You are just too tall† it was a good connection. The other five hours I completed with my old observation teacher. I was obligated to complete 10 hours last semester with a teacher named Mrs. Woolman in my â€Å"Introduction to Elementary Education†. I actually asked her if I could volunteer the rest of my hours in her class. She happily accepted and it was a great experience. I went in a Friday morning to complete my hours. I entered the room and instantly all the kids stared and questioned who I was. I introduced myself using my last name. I was like â€Å"Good morning class, my name is Ms. Cuevas and I am going to help Mrs. Woolman out today†. The class was very well behaved. Usually there is always one bad student in each class, but in this case all her students were excellent students. They knew exactly what to do and when to do it. I go to quiz them in their vocabulary. I noticed the difference between the intelligence of each student. Some students were really high with their vocabulary while others were very poorly with it. It doesn’t matter because all the kids had the attitude to learn and that’s what matters.

Application of Volatility in Portfolio Construction Applied Mathemati

Question: Explain about the Report on Application of Volatility in Portfolio Construction for Applied Mathematics and Physics? Answer: 1) Bond Yield to maturity Annually Semi annually Face value 1000 1000 Years to maturity 7 7 Annual coupon rate 5.25% 5.25% Effective coupon rate 5.25% 2.63% NPER 7 14 Frequency of payment 1 2 Value of bond 1200 1200 Payment 52.5 26.25 Present value -1200 -1200 Future value 1000 1000 Yield to maturity 17% 9% KUEHN and Schmid (2014) saw that yield from the bond at the time of maturity provides the money in hand of the investors. The different payment timing of the bond may yield different percentage at the maturity of the same. The yield provides the insights of return of the investment, which is very important for the investors for making investment decision. The above example showed that for annual and semi-annual payment of interest rate has changed the yield rate. The relationship of yield rate and payment term of interest is inverse (Becker and Ivashina 2014). 2) The graphs below showed that the return from PHLX index is higher than Dow Jones and so the risk of making investment. The risk-return parity is maintained in this case throughout the period of investment. The volatility of the high yield index is high as in line with the theoretical model of risk-return trade-off (Ha, Liu and Zheng 2015). In this context, the investor is risk averse. Thereby, PHLX index must be avoided for making any investment. However, Dow Jones is suitable for making conservative investment decision. DOW Jones Industrial average PHLX Gold/Silver Sector Index Return 0.05 0.10 Standard Deviation 0.186373263 0.299016301 Weight 0.5 0.5 Correlation -0.001170892 Portfolio Return 0.076752089 Portfolio Variance 0.031003809 Portfolio Risk 0.176078986 In case of separate measurement of the investment return and risk assessment of the investment, we could see that Dow Jones has low volatility compare to PHLX index. The return from the Dow is lower than the PHLX index. The portfolio constructed with an equal investment in both of the index has shown that volatility is low due to merged portfolio constructed by two different entities. Further, the return from the investment through portfolio was medium with a lower risk associated with the investment. The trade-off between risk and return is the basic relationship between the two where the investors may find the return from the risky product much higher. Huang, Zhou and Zhu (2012) observed that trade-off maintains the basic principle of the investors taking more risk to gain more return from their investment. From the below figure, we can see that relationship where for the higher return the measured risk was high too. 3) CAPM return of MSFT 12% CAPM return of Mondelez International 8% With the calculation of CAPM modelling, the return from the investment in Microsoft was seen as 12% while return from Mondelez was 8% only. The risk associated with the shares of MSFT was higher than Mondelez International. The regression model has shown that risk in MSFT is higher than that of the Mendelez. However, the value of beta in both the measurement techniques was not same for both the companies. The regression equation for predicting the theoretical return is as follows: Y(return from MSFT) = .0266 + 0.728 * X (price of share) [0.728 is the risk of investment in the share of MSFT] Y(return from Mendelez) = .086 + 0.362 * X (price of share) [0.362 is the risk of investment in the share of Mendelez] 4) The volatility in the call option has been started with 15% for getting the striking price of the call. The measurement provided us the price of $4.63 for 15% volatility. However, the goal seek application let us know the exact rate of volatility of the call price for $5.8. The value of the implied volatility required for this case is 19%. References Becker, B. and Ivashina, V., 2014. Reaching for yield in the bond market.The Journal of Finance. Ha, M., Liu, G.Z. and Zheng, L., 2015. Application of Volatility in Portfolio Construction.Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,3(07), p.808. Huang, X., Zhou, H. and Zhu, H., 2012. Assessing the systemic risk of a heterogeneous portfolio of banks during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Financial Stability,8(3), pp.193-205. KUEHN, L.A. and Schmid, L., 2014. Investment Based Corporate Bond Pricing.The Journal of Finance,69(6), pp.2741-2776.

Operatinal Efficiency of Mumbai Dabbawala by Amol Dhok Essay Example

Operatinal Efficiency of Mumbai Dabbawala by Amol Dhok Essay Amol Ramesh Dhok under the guidance and supervision of Dr. V. G. Dhanakumar, Professor of Quality, Extension and Operations Management, Indian Institute of Plantation Management Bangalore, (IIPM) and no part of this Paper has been submitted for any other degree, diploma or publication in any other form. The assistance and help received during the Completion of this Synthesis Paper and source of literature have been duly acknowledged. (V. G. Dhanakumar) Place: IIPM, Bangalore. Dated: -21-12-2009 ABSTRACT Mumbai Dabbawala system is a unique system in Logistics and supply chain management dedicate to millions of employees whose firms are adapting six sigma methodologies to improve customer satisfaction, work process, profitability, speed efficiency of all kinds. Study of Mumbai Dabbawala generally carries the practice of six sigma which tell total management commitment philosophy of excellence, customer focus, process improvement rule of measurement rather than gut feel. Their way of doing business has, therefore, become a case study destination for every management guru and B-school. CII arranged interface for who’s who of industry and business to share great management lessons from them. Their mission is to serve their customers who are mainly office goers by delivering their lunch boxes at their doorstep on time. They have 5,000 people on their payroll to ensure the prompt deliver. They steal all attention just because their service is of Six Sigma qualities. We will write a custom essay sample on Operatinal Efficiency of Mumbai Dabbawala by Amol Dhok specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Operatinal Efficiency of Mumbai Dabbawala by Amol Dhok specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Operatinal Efficiency of Mumbai Dabbawala by Amol Dhok specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Six Sigma is a process that helps organizations focus on delivering near-perfect products and services. If you use Six Sigma you can measure how many defects there are in a process and can systematically figure out how to eliminate them and try and achieve zero-defect status. I will show you how six sigma makes you more competitive at every level. Six sigma eliminates wasteful variation, changes business culture and sustain greater productivity, profitability and customer satisfaction rate. Dabbawala is excellent example of six sigma and most of the company should use this technique which are getting the defects in their business and who want to improve their business condition. It will show you how it could help your company to save money and make customer happier. INTRODUCTION The six sigma story began with the Motorola in 1980 where it was first developed and proven. By changing the way you look at the process, by understanding vital few factors that cause waste, error, and rework you can improve the ability of your processes to deliver higher quality to your customer and lower to cost. Although most have heard the phrase Six Sigma, which has been an industry term ever since Motorola introduced the concept in 1986, many still do not know just what Six Sigma really is. For many business organizations and by general definition Six Sigma is the measure of quality that strives for near perfection. It is a disciplined, data-driven methodology focused on eliminating defects. A Six Sigma defect is defined as anything that falls outside of a customers specifications. The results reported below by Six Sigma companies are convincing about its contribution to industry. How many customers can your business afford to lose? How much money can your company afford to lose because of mistakes? Why accept it as normal to be running processes at only three sigma or four sigma when, by changing the way you manage your processes, you could get a lot closer to six sigma all resulting benefits. Mumbai Dabbawala is an excellent example to construed execute six sigma after Motorola. Using an elaborate system of color-coded boxes to convey over 170,000 meals to their destinations each day, the 5,000-strong Dabbawala collective has built up an extraordinary reputation for the speed and accuracy of its deliveries†¦ The system the Dabbawala have developed over the years revolves around strong teamwork and strict time-management†¦ The meals are then delivered-99. 9999% of the time, to the right address. By considering this fantastic example you can bring lot of changes in your business. Methodology of Mumbai dabbawala is excellent example of six sigma, JIT, TQM. Companies who are getting losses if they use dabbawala concept they will definitely improve their position in business world. Mumbai dabbawala Before cutting to the management mantras, lets understand a few facts about dabbawallas. The origin of the Dabbawalas lunch delivery service dates back to the 1890s during the British raj. At that time, people from various communities migrated to Mumbai for work. As there were no canteens or fast food centers then, if working people did not bring their lunch from home, they had to go hungry and invariably, lunch would not be ready when they left home for work. Besides, different communities had different tastes and preferences which could only be satisfied by a home-cooked meal. Recognizing the need, Mahadeo Havaji Bacche (Mahadeo), a migrant from North Maharashtra, started the lunch delivery service. For his enterprise, Mahadeo recruited youth from the villages neighboring Mumbai, who were involved in agricultural work. They were willing to come as the income they got from agriculture was not enough to support their large families, and they had no education or skills to get work in the city. The service started with about 100 Dabbawalas and cost the client Rs. 2 a month. Gradually, the number of Dabbawalas increased and the service continued even though the founder was no more. Their mission is to serve their customers who are mainly office goers by delivering their lunch boxes at their doorstep on time. They have 5,000 people on their payroll to ensure the prompt delivery of lunchboxes within Mumbai; these delivery boys travel by local trains and use bicycles or walk to reach every nook and corner of Mumbai. The lunch boxes are delivered exactly at 12. 30 pm. Later, the empty boxes are collected and taken back to the homes, catering services or hotels before 5 pm. In fact, the next time you forget to strap on your watch before leaving for office, dont be surprised to find it in the lunchbox container brought by the dabbawalla from your home! On an average, every Tiffin box changes hands four times and travels 60-70 kilometers in its journey to reach its eventual destination. Each box is differentiated and sorted along the route on the basis of markings on the lid, which give an indication of the source as well as the destination address. NMTBSA (Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Association) What is NMTBSA Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Association About NMTBSA History : Started in 1980 Average Literacy Rate  Ã‚  Ã‚   : 8th Grade Schooling Average Area Coverage   : 60 Km per Tiffin Box Employee Strength  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      : 5000 Number of Tiffin’s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : 2,00,000 Tiffin Boxes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i. e. , 4,00,000 transactions every day Time Taken  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : 3 hours (9 am 12 pm delivery of carriers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2 pm 5 pm collection of empty carriers) Cost of Service  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Rs. 200/- Rs. 300/- per month Turnover  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   : Rs. 50 core per month approx. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT GENERAL SECRETARY TREASURER DIRECTORS (9) MUKADAM MEMBERS (5000) How the dabba is delivered? ? The first dabbawalla picks up the Tiffin from home and takes it to the nearest railway station. ? The second dabbawalla sorts out the dabbas at the railway station according to destination and puts them in the luggage carriage. ? The third one travels with the dabbas to the railway stations nearest to the destinations. ? The fourth one picks up dabbas from the railway station and drops them of at the offices. ? The process is reversed in the evenings. Dabbawala methodology ? Error is horror, said Talekar while explaining the operational motto. In the event of a dabbawalla meeting with an accident en route, alternative arrangements are made to deliver the lunch boxes. For example, in a group of 30 dabbawallas catering to an area, five people act as redundant members; it is these members who take on the responsibility of delivering the dabbas in case of any untoward happenings. ? The dabbawallas must be extremely disciplined. Consuming alcohol while on duty attracts a fine of Rs 1,000. Unwarranted absenteeism is not tolerated and is treated with a similar fine. Every dabbawalla gets a weekly off, usually on Sunday. ? The Gandhi cap serves as a potent symbol of identification in the crowded railway stations. Not wearing the cap attracts a fine of Rs 25. ? There are no specific selection criteria like age, sex or religion; however, I have never seen a female dabbawalla. The antecedents of the candidates are thoroughly verified and a n ew employee is taken into the fold for six-month probation. After that period, the employment is regularized with a salary of Rs 5,000 a month. Need of the study of the dabbawala As management students, there was a lot that we learnt from this lecture,†. The belief that technology is indispensable to solve complex problems was shattered. FMCGs and other industries can learn a lot from the simple supply chain logistics and efficient reverse logistics (transfer of empty lunch boxes to the source location), ~ The concept of multi-level coding (co lour coding on the lunch boxes for identification) and reverse logistics can be implemented in industries as diverse as soft drinks (where logistics becomes an important aspect, transporting the filled bottles to retailers and collecting empty bottles back to the plants), pharmaceuticals and other FMCG areas. For example, can the bar coding mechanism (a computerized format) which is prevalent and expensive, be simplified with just colors/ number coding? In small and medium scale organizations where bar coding systems would require a lot of resources, these systems can prove to be very efficient and cost effective. Moreover, the dependence on technology could be drastically reduced. The learning’s for a working executive are enormous too. Managers and executives alike spend a lot of their valuable time learning various concepts in people and time management. Newer mechanisms like Customer Relationship Management, etc, have been developed to assist executives in the same. But, in the midst of implementing technology and IT, basic principles in people management, sustainable relationship development and customer satisfaction have lost their meaning. Our friendly dabbawallas are a perfect example of an important principle of both business and management the thirst to serve customers in a simple yet effective fashion without falling into the technology trap. I think this is an aspect which needs to be re-learnt and implemented in any organization today. What is six sigma? The Six Sigma quality certification was established by the International Quality Federation in 1986, to judge the quality standards of an organization. According to an article published in Forbes magazine in 1998, one mistake for every eight million deliveries constitutes Six Sigma quality standards. The Six-sigma rating means that they have 99. 99 % efficiency in delivering the lunch-boxes to the right people. That put them on the list of Six Sigma rated companies, along with multinationals like Motorola and GE. Achieving this rating was no mean feat, considering that the Dabbawalas did not use any technology or paperwork, and that most of them were illiterate or semiliterate. †¢ A statistical measure of the process or a product. †¢ A goal that reaches near perfection for performance improvement. †¢ A system of management to achieve lasting business leadership world-class performance. The six sigma approach to managing is all about helping you identify what you don’t know as well as emphasizing what you should know, and taking action to reduce the errors and rework that cost you time, money, pportunity and customers. The goal of six sigma is to help the people processes aim high in aspiring to deliver defect free product and services. Many companies believe that dealing with errors is just part of cost of doing business. But you don’t have to accept that faulty logic. With six sigma you can eliminate most errors, reduce your cost, and better satisfy customer. Es sential of the six sigma methodology †¢ Define the project, goals, deliverable to customers. †¢ Measure the current performance of the process. †¢ Analyze and determine the root cause of the defects. Improve process of eliminate defects. †¢ Control the performance of the process. Working of NMTBSA beyond the six sigma! Fantastic team work!!! Almost no errors in spite that the Dabba changes hand about six times ? The collection and delivery has to happen by lunch time ? It is amazing organization ? Approximately 5000 people working ? It is over 100 year old They carry Tiffin (Lunch box) from the home of customer and carry it to their workplace of work. e. g. from say housewife in Virar will give Dabba to him which will be delivered at Air India bldg on 11floor by lunch time (1 p. m. . They work with clockwork precision, but without computer program! They even brought couple of actual dabbawala to speak (he made an excellent power point presentation) ? Even Prince Charles and many other are wondering how they are sorting the dabbas so precisely. They use cycle, local train or they are on foot. Even in heavy floods they deliver. Lacs of people get cooked home made food. You must have seen such dabbawalas in Mumbai. Error Rate: 1 in 16 million transactions ? Six Sigma performance (99. 999999) ? Technological Backup: Nil. ? Cost of service Rs. 300/month ($ 6. 00/month) Standard price for all (Weight, Distance, Space) ? Rs. 36 Cr. Turnover approx. ? [6000*12*5000=360000000 i. e. Rs. 36 crore p. a. ] ? Earnings -5000 to 6000 p. m. ? Zero % fuel Zero % investment ? Zero % modern technology Zero % Disputes 99. 9999% performance 100 % Customer Satisfaction. DISCIPLINE ? No Alcohol Drinking during business hours ? Wearing White Cap during business hours ? Carry Identity Cards ANALYZED FROM THE MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL I. Threat of new entrants: According to Porter, the threat new entrant is dangerous to any organization as it can take away the market share the organization enjoys. Started in 1880, the experience curve of the 125-year-old dabbawalla service serves as a huge entry barrier for potential competitors. Besides, it would be difficult to replicate this supply chain network that uses Mumbais jam-packed local trains as its backbone. ii. Current competition: Porters five forces theory states that strategy is determined by a unique combination of activities that deliver a different value proposition than competitors or the same value proposition in a better way. The dabbawallas do face competition from fast food joints as well as office canteens. However, since neither of these serves home food, the dabbawallas core offering remains unchallenged. They have also tied up with many catering services and hotels to cater to the vast number of office goers. iii. Bargaining power of buyers: The delivery rates of the dabbawallas are so nominal (about Rs 300 per month) that one simply wouldnt bargain any further. Also, their current monopoly negates any scope of bargaining on the part of their customers. Thus, we encounter a perfect win-win combination for the customers as well as the dabbawallas. iv. Bargaining power of sellers: The dabbawallas use minimum infrastructure and practically no technology, hence they are not dependent on suppliers. Since they are a service-oriented organization, they are not dependent on sellers to buy their product. Hence, sellers do not assume any prominence as would be the case in a product-oriented company. The strategy map framework in Porters theory allows companies to identify and link together the critical internal processes and human, information and organization capital that deliver the value proposition differently or better. Human capital is the greatest driving force in the dabbawalla community; as a result, they are not dependent on suppliers or technology, thus negating the sellers power in the equation. v. Threat of a new substitute product or service: As substitutes to home cooked food are not seen as a viable alternative in the Indian scenario, the threat to the dabbawalla service is not an issue at least in the foreseeable future. This gives them a leeway to probably expand their already existing network into newer cities as demand increases in these places as well. Dabbawala and six sigma!! Mumbai’s 5000 plus Dabbawalas are world famous for their impeccable service standards. They pick up lunch boxes/ Tiffin carriers from over 2,00,000 homes/ apartments, deliver them to some 80,000 destinations and again ensure their safe return to those homes/ apartments – all on the same day with each lap of journey en route accomplished within the specified time limits. The people at work are not from any high academic background; rather many of them are almost illiterate. They face the same crowded pavements, on-road dense vehicular traffic and overloaded suburban trains, which normal office goers often give excuses for their late comings. Their way of doing business has, therefore, become a case study destination for every management guru and B-school. CII arranged interface for who’s who of industry and business to share great management lessons from them. A Dabbawala figured among a handful few from India who got invitations to witness the marriage ceremony of Prince Charles. Sometime back, there was lso an All-Dabbawala ‘Deal Ya No Deal’ show in Sony Entertainment TV. They steal all attention just because their service is of Six Sigma quality. Every business concern is made of a number of interrelated processes. When inputs are made to traverse through a process, they result into certain outputs (products services) serving either internal or external customers. A process is termed as industrial or commercial depending on wheth er 80% or more of the values derived are from machinery or from human activity, respectively. No matter how perfect a process is, no product/ service will come conforming to exact targeted specifications. It would always vary. However, when it varies within certain Lower Specification Limit (LSL) and Upper Specification Limit (USL) as acceptable/ agreed to or specified by the customers, then it is considered to be defect free or quality product/ service. Further, every opportunity of delivering a product/ service is also wrought with an opportunity for the occurrence of defect. When the Defects per Million Opportunity (DPMO) don’t exceed 3. 4, the process is said to have met Six Sigma level. And Mumbai Dabbawalas’ DPMO is less than 3. 4 or precisely, it is 2! ‘Sigma (r)’ denotes ‘Standard deviation’ – a statistical measure of dispersion/ variance. It is the positive square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of deviations of given observations from their arithmetic mean. Say, it is a midsummer and your organization wants to hold a three-hour business plan meet of your 100 sales persons. You look for a conference hall with right facilities and ambience, especially the room temperature which should be maintained throughout at 2210 C. And two hotels in the city also promised the same. When measured at every half an-hour interval in the one where you held your meet, it read as 18, 28, 30, 24, 20 and 18; the arithmetic mean value and ‘r’ being 23 and 4. 7, respectively. Whereas, had you gone to the other hotel, other things remaining same, the observed values of the room temperature would have been say, 23, 22, 24, 22, 23 24. Although the mean was the same 23, the ‘r’ being less at 0. 8, the service of the second hotel was more qualitative and would have given you more satisfaction. Hence the saying, ‘Company may celebrate mean but customers are bothered by the variance’. However, its process was still not conforming to Six Sigma level. With two observed values out of six not meeting the customer expectations (22! 10 C), the DPMO worked out to 333,333. 33 (i. e. , 2/6 multiplied by 1,000,000), which was hugely far from the required 3. 4! Benefits of higher Sigma level* Sigma Level |DPMO |Cost of quality | |2 |308,537 |Not applicable | |3 |66,807 |25-40% of sales | |4 |6,210 (Industry Average) |15-25% of sales | |5 |233 |5-15% of sales | |6 |3. 4 (World class) |lt; 1% of sales | | | | | The figures in third column indicate that if, for example, you purchase a product at Rs. 10,000/- from a company operating at 4 Sigma Level, you are being made to pay about Rs. 1500-2500/- (i. e. , 15-25% of sale price) towards the cost of inefficient processes deployed by the company to manufacture the item. Putting it in other way, the company concerned can reduce the price of the product by Rs. 500-2500/- if it fixes its faulty processes or improves/ recreates the processes. This measure would also help the company to increase its market share tremendously. Why do six sigma? Six sigma allows you to achieve the constancy of the purpose that is secret to success, focusing your efforts on understanding the variation in your processes and defects that results. Here are the basic results. Money Money is generally most important reason for using six sigma. Here are few questions to consider: †¢ What is cost of scrap? †¢ What is cost of rework? †¢ What is cost of excessive cycle times and delay? †¢ What is total cost of poor quality in your organization? What is cost of business loss because customers are dissatisfied with your product? Do you know the answers of these questions in terms rupee. If so then you know how important it is to reduce process variation and defects. If not, then you need to get the knowledge that gives you power to make necessary changes. Customer satisfaction Six sigma focuses on the critical- to quality expectation of your customers than what matter most. By using six sigma management methods, your company can target the vital few factors in your processes that are allowing variations and defects that keep you from meeting the critical to quality expectation of your customers. Quality Another reason for using six sigma is the value and impact of committing to quality as a very particular way. Consider only following advantages of improving quality †¢ It inspires employees. †¢ It instills a culture and an attitude. †¢ It creates an image in the market †¢ It attracts investors. Growth As you identify and correct process variation, you save expanses which mean money to invest in growing your business. As you meet requirement and expectation of your customers more effectively and achieve higher customer satisfaction you increase your income which means money to invest in growing your business. Competitive advantages Six sigma allows you to become more competitive regionally, nationally or globally. A company that reduces its costs of doing business, meets the expectation of its customers more effectively earns reputation for quality and pride will certainly enjoy advantages over its competitor. Conclusion Six Sigma, as developed by Dabbawala, is an extension of many existing quality tools and techniques, but with the addition of business accountability. This resulted in process improvement gains that increased productivity and profitability. Six Sigma organizations become forward moving organizations by adapting new tools and techniques and overcoming learning disabilities. A gauge of quality and efficiency, Six Sigma is also a measure of excellence. Embarking on a Six Sigma programme means delivering top-quality service and products while virtually eliminating all internal inefficiencies. A true Six Sigma organization produces not only excellent product but also maintains highly efficient production and administrative systems that work effectively with the companys other service processes. In administrative processes, Six Sigma may mean not only the obvious reduction of cycle time during production but, more importantly, optimizing response time to inquiries, maximizing the speed and accuracy with which inventory and materials are supplied, and fool proofing such support processes from errors, inaccuracies and inefficiency). Much can be achieved from programmes like Six Sigma with the active, consistent, innovative, continuous and widely apparent participation by top management. When implemented strategically, Six Sigma can help companies turn over working capital faster, reduce capital spending, make existing capacity available, produce better results from the design and RD functions. Such outcomes also foster a working environment that stimulates employee development, motivation, morale empowerment and commitment. References ? www. google. com ? Six Sigma for managers Greg brue ? What is six Sigma Pete Pande and Larry Holpp ? www. wiki. compedia ? www. Mumbai dabbawala. com 13 MEMBERS GENERAL SECRETARY